Intermediate Level

History and Features of C

Structure of a C Program

Setting up the Development Environment (GCC, Code::Blocks, etc.)

Compiling and Executing a C Program

Understanding Syntax, Semantics, and Tokens in C

Intermediate Level

Data Types in C: int, float, char, double, etc.

Variables and Constants (const and #define)

Input and Output in C (scanf and printf)

Operators in C: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise, Assignment, and Ternary

Decision-Making: if, else if, else, and switch

Looping: for, while, and do-while

Jump Statements: break, continue, goto, and return

Introduction to Arrays

One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Strings in C and String Manipulation Functions (strlen, strcpy, strcmp, etc.)

Passing Arrays and Strings to Functions

Defining and Calling Functions

Function Prototypes

Passing Parameters: Call by Value and Call by Reference

Recursion: Factorial, Fibonacci, and Towers of Hanoi Examples

Storage Classes in C (auto, extern, static, register)

Basics of Pointers and Pointer Arithmetic

Pointers to Variables and Functions

Pointer Arrays and Arrays of Pointers

Dynamic Memory Allocation: malloc, calloc, realloc, and free

Null Pointers and Dangling Pointers

Defining and Declaring Structures

Accessing Structure Members

Nested Structures and Arrays of Structures

Pointer to Structures

Introduction to Unions and Differences from Structures

Enumerations (enum)

Introduction to File I/O

Reading from and Writing to Text Files (fscanf, fprintf, fgets, fputs)

Binary File Operations (fread, fwrite)

Random Access in Files (fseek, ftell, rewind)

Macros and #define

Conditional Compilation: #ifdef, #ifndef, #endif

File Inclusion (#include)

Command-Line Arguments